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Nanomaterials such as quantumdots,gold nanoparticles, and nanoparticles that contain fluorescent dyes may accumulate at solid tumors through leaky vasculature, that is, the EPR effect, and emit fluorescence in the near-infrared(NIR) region,raising the prospect of intraoperative surgical guidance in oncology.Strategies that overcome delivery barriers in solid tumors have drawn attention attention in cancer nanotechnology and may be used to improve efforts in NIR optical imaging in surgical oncology.
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